Biochemistry

Homeostasis, Circadian Rhythms - Essential nutrients

Fig1 homeostasis, natures balance between external stimuli (air, heat, light and water) and essential nutrients and water

Circadian Rhythms, our body clock; natures balance between light and dark. Circadian Rhythms are a protection mechanism against the external stimuli of UV and possibly other radiation.

We believe both homeostasis and Circadian Rhythms are the balancing mechanisms of SOL synthesising of serotonin and melatonin.

Tryptophan – serotonin/melatonin synthesis

Current scientific understanding suggests the process of tryptophan, serotonin and melatonin synthesis is; L-tryptophan → tryptophan hydroxylase [TPH1, TPH2] → tryptophan (5-hydroxy tryptophan, 5-HTP) → aromatic amino acid decarboxylase [DDC] → serotonin (5-hydroxy-tryptamine, 5-HT) → arylalkylamine-N- acetyl-transferase [AANAT] → N-acetyl 5-HT → 5-hydroxyindole-O-methyl-transferase [ASMT] → melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine).

As we have believed for a long time tryptophan and the synthesis of serotonin and melatonin is highly significant in all life. We have an issue with the above process of synthesis of tryptophan, serotonin and melatonin.

If we consider the first step reaction involved, L-tryptophan → tryptophan, involves the gene TPH1. TPH1 expresses tryptophan, serotonin and melatonin and as such recognises their existence before they are synthesised. Gene 7166, chromosome 11 position 11p15.3-14

We believe serotonin and melatonin are inversely proportional, as is recognised in papers on circadian rhythms and others (references available on request). This conflicts with the currently held view of tryptophan, serotonin and melatonin synthesis.

Our notion is serotonin and melatonin are synthesised from the SOL dipeptide inversely in response to the stimuli of photons received.

Cells – mitochondria – DNA/RNA

In all our research we have always worked on a principle of simplicity. In that respect we consider cells to be much too complicated to be significant in our study to discover how human life works. Typical eukaryotic cells are comprised of; nucleolus, nucleus, ribosome, vesicles, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, vacuoles, cytoplasm, lysosome and centrioles.

If we take mitochondria within a cell, even they are too complex, comprising; outer and inner membrane, inner membrane space, cristae, matrix, ribosome, granules, ATP synthase particles and DNA.

Before DNA/RNA

Our understanding of DNA; it is a nucleic acid containing genetic instructions for the development and function of all living organisms. It is a blueprint for specifying amino acid sequences. The chicken and egg question is; what came first, amino acids or DNA? The answer must be amino acids, without them there would be no life.

The next deliberation was based on probability; in the development of the very first life form we believe must have started with the simplest chain of amino acids. We considered just two amino acids, a start to a chain and a stop to a chain.

Start of Life dipeptide (SOL)

Methionine [C5 H11 NO2 S] + tryptophan [C11 H12 N2 O2] + water [H2O] + carbon dioxide [CO2] + photons.

Our research suggests that SOL has the potential to synthesise, glucose, adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM), ribonucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and other biomolecules.

1200 human genes potentially express SOL

We have identified more than 1200 human genes which potentially express SOL in all human chromosomes including N-Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT) in both x and y. This would give credence to our hypothesis that SOL is genetically transferred through replication/reproduction in all life. Following our hypothesis, provides a novel understanding of the human genetic code.

Central Dogma of biochemistry

Assuming that SOL has the potential to synthesise RNA, DNA and other biomolecules would suggest that the three unknowns in central dogma can be answered. This also answers the chicken and egg question; amino acids came first by SOL’s ability to synthesise RNA and DNA.