Biochemistry

From complexity:
In all our research we have worked using principles of simplicity. In that respect we consider cells too complex to understanding the basics of living organisms.

A typical eukaryote cell is comprised of; nucleolus, nucleus, ribosome, vesicles, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, vacuoles, cytoplasm, lysosome and centrioles.

A typical prokaryote cell is also complex comprised of; Nucleoid (circular DNA), ribosome, plasmid, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, cell wall, capsule, pili and flagellum.

A mitochondrion within cells is also complex comprising; outer membrane, inner membrane, inner membrane space, cristae, matrix, ribosome, granules, ATP synthase particles and DNA.

DNA double helix is complex consisting; 4 nucleobases, adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, a phosphate-deoxyribose backbone.

Mitochondrial DNA consists of; NADH dehydrogenase subunits, cytochrome oxidase subunits, ATP synthase, cytochrome b, 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA, 22 tRNA-encoding genes, 13 protein-encoding regions and d-loop.

An RNA molecule is also complex comprising; 4 nucleobases, adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil (in place of thymine), a phosphate and a ribose backbone.

If RNA world hypothesis as the beginning of life is true, where did RNA come from? We understand the structure but how did the structure develop and evolve?

To simplicity: a core structure of life (SOL)
We have found a simple core chemical structure which produces glucose, ATP, NADPH, mtRNA, mtDNA phospholipids and weather genes. This simple chemical structure has the unique quality that it has a dual bonding rhythmic capability depending on the input stimuli of air, heat, light and water.

Back to complexity:
Understanding the dual bonding structures of SOL provides explanation of the homeostasis and circadian rhythm mechanisms. SOL is the powerhouse at the core of mitochondria. We suggest N-Acetylserotonin 0-methyltransferase (ASMT) found on human chromosome Xp22.3 and Yp11.3, is potentially significant in genetic transfer of SOL through reproduction. Likewise for replication in other living organisms. ASMT is a core weather gene.

Essential amino acids
With the possibility of genetic transfer of a core structure able to synthesise mtRNA and mtDNA provides an argument that certain amino acids are not essential but inherent in all living organisms.

Central Dogma of biochemistry
As SOL can synthesise mtRNA, mtDNA and other proteins it suggests an answer to the three unknowns in central dogma; Protein – RNA; Protein – DNA and Protein – Protein.